Take, for instance, the emotion of anger: here we must discover (1) what the state of mind of angry people is, (2) who the people are with whom they usually get angry, and (3) on what grounds they get angry with them. We must arrange what we have to say about each of them under three heads. Such are anger, pity, fear and the like, with their opposites. The Emotions are all those feelings that so change men as to affect their judgements, and that are also attended by pain or pleasure. Aristotle noted that is of importance that each speaker knew, which emotions exists, how and under which circumstances the can be elicited: The goal of each speech is to persuade the audience, therefore it is necessary to put the audience in the appropriate emotional states. Pathos encompasses the emotional influence on the audience. Pathos – Emotional Influence of the Speaker on the Audience ![]() There is a more profound article on ethos, which goes into further detail and includes two different self-portrayals. Additionally, the speaker can use statements to position himself, he can reveal social hierarchies, also he can show preferences and distastes, etc. These factors effect – according to the situation – the appearance and reception of the speaker. The influencing factors for ethos encompass elements such as clothes, vocabulary, slang and other social aspects like rank, popularity, etc. As a result the words “functional” and “dysfunctional” are more appropriate, when it comes down to analysing once performance. Thus, there is no general “good” or “bad” in self-portrayal and impression management, cause each action must be interpreted in the proper context of the situation/speech. If the speaker uses certain aspect consciously or unconsciously is usually irrelevant for the analysis, since the result and not the intention is the aim of a rhetorical analysis. The ethos of the speaker is transmitted via his self-portrayal, this mostly about nonverbal and paraverbal (vocal elements – tone, pitch, etc. Later this was seperated in actio and pronuntiatio, whereas the first is about the bodily eloquence and the second the actual vocal lecture. ![]() Originally, actio encompassed voice, gesture, facial expressions, proxemics, body language and movement. According to Aristotle there are three prequisites that are necessary to appear credible:Įthos is portrayed during the performance (actio). The intent of the speaker is to appear credible. The mode of persuasion “Ethos” deals with the character of the speaker. – Aristotle 1356a 2,3 Ethos – Personal Character of the Speaker Persuasion is achieved by the speaker’s personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. ![]() The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind the third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by the words of the speech itself. Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Understanding rhetorical messages is essential to help us become informed consumers, but it also helps evaluate the ethics of messages, how they affect us personally, and how they affect society.PLEASE NOTE: This page contains amazon affiliate links. Think of all the media you see and hear every day: Twitter, television shows, web pages, billboards, text messages, podcasts, and more! Media is constantly asking you to buy something, act in some way, believe something to be true, or interact with others in a specific manner. Rhetoric-the way we use language and images to persuade-is what makes media work. Media is one of the most important places where this kind of analysis needs to happen. ![]() The more we know about how to analyze situations and draw informed conclusions, the better we can become about making savvy judgments about the people, situations, and media we encounter. In fact, our saturation in media and its images is one of the reasons why learning to do rhetorical analysis is so important. Each day we meet different people, encounter unfamiliar situations, and see media that asks us to do, think, buy, and act in all sorts of ways. Daily we find ourselves in situations where we are forced to make snap judgments. We have heard that “you can’t judge a book by its cover,” but, in fact, we do it all the time.
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